Making Your Own Cool Conference Badges!

terrible um okay it was quite a big turnout isn't it thanks for um coming to this talk uh we're on something that's completely non-sibly really um so most of you've got these Deloreans hanging around your necks uh if you haven't get out um so today's talk is just on what it takes to make one of these things um so PCB art uh making confidence badges no this doesn't work

so who am I um doesn't actually sound there my name's Simon I'm a co-founder of punk security which is a devsecops consultancy um still a work in devsecops consultant uh python developer security guy and all around geek really so anything flashing is going to catch my eye uh lights wise so yeah definitely a geek uh so who is book security is I say devsecops consultancy uh we've got to stand out there today pop by say hello um we were selling uh components for these but they've all gone um we have made four open source tools which we'll happily talk about and we ran a devsecop CTF uh in May that we're super proud of so uh just put that on

every slide now so uh why are we here today to talk about PCB art um I don't know you you know it's a good turnout so it's obviously in the interest I guess um I first got exposed to this in Las Vegas last year over at Defcon if everyone has been to Defcon you walk around and there are people just lit up like Christmas trees with with badges it's a huge thing in the industry um mainly because everyone likes flashing lights uh but the the other thing really is a a couple of talks out in Defcon one was from a guy who's hacking starlink the satellites uh from SpaceX and actually he's talked with massively underwhelming but what he'd

done is like produce um it it produced a bit of a PCB that you could sold onto a starlink terminal uh to get root so there's a theoretical attack there but actually then it's creating a PCB that you can sold on quite quickly and it turns out now with the cheapness of these that's quite achievable so uh it's good to just spread the knowledge on that um and then another talk I caught wasn't Defcon coming where it was was this one around um oh what's the little chips you get in computers now for encryption the TPM yeah so there's some research done a while back where someone had realized that the the TPM actually spoke back to

the processor completely clear text so if you could tap that you could read off the the description keys and stuff so um Hardware hacking's fun and this provides a a quite a novel Gateway into it um so here's some examples of ones I've made the um obviously the punk one I'm wearing now the Cyberman uh I'm not but um there's a couple that I made and then these are some examples I found off the internet so there's a great website called hack a day um for sort of any sort of electronics tinkering um these are all stolen off there um from various sources uh I just really liked the um the grogu one baby Yoda

um Dragon Ball Z so there's some examples of the sort of stuff we're going to be talking about today um so when we look at these badges the first thing that you'd normally think of is I need to get like uh an idea and then turn it into a badge whereas actually the process kind of works in Reverse normally because we have a very limited color palette um that we're going to use to do badges so if we go back to these examples um it's probably not by choice that they went with these characters you know got a character who's primarily green um costly the clown is it is primarily white and red they're very simple color

palettes so this is taken from jlc PCB which is a Chinese PCB manufacturer they're really cheap that's where all these Deloreans came from today so uh you can pick your thickness of PCB there's a PCB color and that is going to reflect what we call the solder mask on the board so on these ones that's the black portion of your Deloreans that's solder mask the job of solder mask normally in a PCB is to stop solder flowing um from two different pads so if you imagine this is you know um has got some uh the the wheel for instance was two different pads you didn't want to bridge those the solder mask is there to repel the solder

um but you get it in all fancy colors a green purple red yellow blue white black um and then silk screen on your DeLorean is the windscreen there so that's designed for you to print um if you look on the back like little icons labels that sort of stuff for your pcbs now all this is obviously not designed for you to turn into a DeLorean it's just designed for you to make a functioning PCB um so those are the things that we've got and the last thing is surface finish so Hazel is going to give you this uh sort of Steely color uh enig much more expensive is the gold plate so if we go back to crusty here

um you can actually see this is back um of hack a day they actually put the color palette on this uh picture which I thought was super useful so when they went into designing this they're like okay I reckon with the enigplating I can get some gold um this is probably um enig behind the red solder mask so I get like an orange so I've got the uh copper plate but then the red Over the Top This will be no copper just red and we get a different color red so they're working out ways that they can produce a picture with a very limited color palette so um if you've got an idea for a badge

that's where you're gonna have to start is what colors can I produce um this is another cool effect you'll see a lot of is where we basically don't have anything on the board the board is normally like a yellow fiberglass and we can shine through the back of it so to go into that again we've got uh baby Yoda here um so we've got the Hazel plating which has given us the Stillness of his weird floating cop thing um and then got green mask there with no copper underneath it um you can probably tell that as well because it's slightly um it's not embossed like this is so that's the green solder mask same as the

black here with no copper behind it uh the yellow is raw board so no copper no shoulder mask uh you got the white of the eyes there that's uh silk screen just like the white on the DeLorean and the green mask on copper so to get slightly different green and make it stand out a little bit um you've got green on top of copper plate which leaves this light black where do they get black from it took me a while to work this out um they're actually using a four layer board which is more expensive and then you put metal in the mid layers so you have almost like a raw board with metal in the middle and you get a fourth

color in this case which is you can unique on this one okay so there's some examples of PCB art so if anyone thought this was like cybery feel free to just like get out now um so that's what we're going to be talking about so how do you go about doing this uh the tools for the job really I've been using is AutoCAD Eagle which is free with some limitations um there's another one called Kai CAD which is actually probably better but um you're sort of limited by the blogs and stuff that you're going to find on how to do this most people you know aren't doing this for art so you'll find very technical engineering blogs on how to

use these tools um so kai-cad's got some better features than Eagle but I just couldn't find anything cohesive to sort of guide me through the process Eagles really easy to use uh so I'd recommend that but um either those two is great the demos today will be using Eagle inkscape is a vector tool sort of like Adobe Illustrator um some of the guides you'll find for using Eagle will be to take an image off the internet and bring it in um from a bitmap format so um you know okay jpeg or PNG you're going to find a lot of pain doing that so I wouldn't recommend it so what we do is we can go via inkscape and turn that

into a vector which is like a if everyone knows Vector images they're a series of lines and dots and arcs and things which is much easier to work with than a pixel representation of an image and then coding we I use Arduino because I'm not very good so uh AutoCAD Eagle is absolutely free up to 10 by 10 centimeters uh two layer boards so that um baby yody we couldn't do on it because it's a four layer board um and if you want to do something big like there's DeLorean you need to pay for the license uh but 10 by 10 like easily covers this on the free version um and then in there the three things

you're going to look at today is schematic so how did you do a electrical diagram inside Eagle um then how are you gonna lay the board out so that's the actual um layer now where all these panels and the solder mask and all that stuff what does that look like and then Footprints so when you start putting components on where do you get the bits for your component so you can put on the board properly and and join up all the dots so this scary looking thing is schematics so electrical schematics but actually it's it's not as bad as it looks um so it's going to walk through it now this is the actual schematics for

the DeLorean badges you've got on your next so over here we've got the battery so that is the the battery cell with its two prongs left and right which are your positive Terminals and then the ground plane which you don't see is underneath the battery uh from there we've got the updi connector which is your programming one um which is used for flashing that's optional but um I've started adding that to all mine now it's super useful um the actual microcontroller itself is obviously really tiny on the board but in the schematic it's big because you've got so many pins to break out uh then you've got the button down here the LED rail because I just did two

really big long buzz bars uh it just shows there's one LED on a schematic and then you've got your headlights headlights across there um so slightly these um the way these headlights work is they're adjustable LEDs so we power and um ground them on Buzz bars so power and ground is common and then they feed digital in because out and in and out and in and out and enemy daisy chain four together um so um when you're first doing the badge stuff it's best to get your electronics done first so um the feedback loop for these is pretty big it's about three weeks to get some prototypes from China so don't just like do a schematic and think it's going to

work and then wait three weeks to find out it doesn't um so over on the left is a breadboard so these are electrically connected uh in the in the columns here so you can quickly prototype on them this is protoboard this is the original uh Proto board I was using to test LEDs so if you look at like the blogs and angry engineering blogs because all Engineers are angry for no bad reason um then if you look at these they'll say you can't run them on the voltages of these batteries um we obviously you can so that's how I was testing that and then these things are great 60 pound of Amazon you can set

a arbitrary voltage and current so these batteries for instance start at about 3.2 volts um as they drop off they get down to about 2.3 I think before they've been out so you'll notice that your badges will start to go redder because red works at lower voltage then blue so you'll lose blue first um so these allow you if you've got something you think I don't know if that's going to work or not get a breadboard get one of these dial your voltages in and just say yeah that would work on that battery actually because every blogger I went on and every sort of forum or Reddit thread around these neopixel LEDs angry Engineers were

saying there's no way you're going to run them uh on those batteries um but we do um quick thing on the battery is actually they're super dangerous so just don't eat them or give them to your dog definitely don't do that um and use a good supplier this is another big tip so I spent a lot of time ordering stuff off Amazon like the voltage thing um and uh AliExpress and stuff which is great and it's cheap but when you especially when you're dealing with low power like these um you end up just chasing bugs that you shouldn't have so just use a good supplier so if you're buying the microcontrollers particularly they're like 30 Pence each

I get everything from digikey now it's like a One-Stop shop same with the LEDs you might find that you get free batches of AliExpress and it's fine and then the fourth batch you've got some weird issue where you're losing power after two hours or something I built like a greenhouse sensor and it was losing battery because the sleep mode didn't work properly uh that was an Ali Express one so use a good supplier okay so now we're gonna go a quick demo of how to do schematics in Eagle so my theory behind this talk today is it took me a good while following Defcon and getting a bit of a bug for making badges to get all

the pieces together so this won't be a deep dive in any one particular area I just want everyone to get an appreciation of the full flow and then if you want to do it and you haven't put you off then you know what to go and Google which is after battle I think so um let's try the schematic demo one-handed it turns out so this is Eagle by AutoCAD um probably written in Java or something so uh so yeah so this is the schematic view what you'll do is uh create a schematic first and we'll move on to the board later and it links these two up for you automatically um so you've got an idea of what you

want to do in this demo I'm just going to do a coin cell battery uh with two LEDs on it so that's like previous the simplest circuit you're probably going to make for a badge um these have like an internal resistance so you don't need to put a resistor on um again angry Engineers will tell you that you should definitely put like um limiting resistors and all those things but I always advocate for like the least Parts possible because your good boy got a sold of these things so um battery in an LED will work you see some people just like sir type and led across the battery and then just like a magnet and

stick it on a Lamppost and things um because they're yeah they're super good for that so um but don't eat them okay so let's make it a simple circuit so uh just to skip back over to that so once you've got Eagle open you add a part um these are all the built-in libraries you can add libraries I've got the Adafruit one so they make a load of stuff for raspberry pies and stuff so you probably come across other food before so we need a battery um which is in here CR2032 battery uh there's two formats here if you see these green like green circles they're holes so this one will be a through hole

mounted battery casing uh and this one smt uh sometimes you'll see it as SMD the surface mount which is the ones that we use so they don't go through the board um so we're going to add one of those there we go that goes on there like that and then we're going to get some LEDs uh and we'll go for these so these are um through hole LEDs so all the stuff you see on the board today is surface mount uh well not on your boards unless you're a volunteer or a speaker or you bought a kit and you want some pain later on um all of them are surface mount and most of them are mounted the wrong way

because they're not designed for PCB art to shine through the PCB they're designed to uh face upwards so what you end up with is these solder ramps and things on the back um yeah so a lot of components will all be surface mount like these where they don't go through the board or they'll be through hole stuff like these with the green circles on these are designed for pins to go through the board and you solder them from the back um so we're gonna go for those because they're easier so two LEDs and then you're gonna so the battery here we've got the ground pin over here and then the two positive pins they're unlabeled on this

schematic um so the first three versions of these badges uh I had the batteries uh upside down um which eventually caused me pain so uh yeah these are the positive so literally we just drag these wires to do okay that was a terrible one and then I can just Bridge these cool okay oh oh dear I don't know there we go right so one chunky looking schematic so uh simple as it's gonna be really for these badges so we've got positive pins going to the positive side of these dioses lovely arrows and I've probably got it the wrong way around anyway but the um the positive sides of the LEDs and then down back to the ground plane and because the

internal resistance of the battery won't blow up so that's a very simple circuit for making a badge um there's all sorts of things over here I don't know what most of them do with the um like copy and stuff's fairly obvious but I don't know what that is paint roller um cool oh you Muppet that was just a quick recap for your benefit right so now we're on to um they're on to board design so we've got a schematic and we want to put it on a board that's what we came for not for Simon's fundamentals of electrical engineering so we went to board design so let's have a look at that so here's a

DeLorean all lit up looking great so um yeah so we're using the if you remember the hassle uh coating for the copper to give us that steel look we've got the solder mask being all the black bits silk screen provides the white to the windscreen and then raw board basically these two rails and here so there's no uh copper and there's no solder mask and that allows us to shine through if we put solder mask here or copper obviously putting a light through the back it's not going to show up so um so that's the sort of four things we need to do to make this board work so uh we end up with basically the

copper layer in this case you can either say where you want Copper or you can say where you want Copper but then where you want exclusions okay you can't do this on most layers but on copper you can and it's it's um it's really convenient it's because and when you're doing circuits quite often they have big ground planes but you might say I don't want the ground plane here or you want the ground plane over everything apart from where the components are and it'll work out the magic for you so we can use that to our advantage so in this case the full board was designated um as being a copper fill and then actually all we care about is not having

copper in these little bits so we can shine through so we've got copper everywhere and then we've got the um the bit where we don't want solder mask so salt this is a bit of an annoying one so the solder mask one is an exclusion so in this case everywhere we have silver we don't want the solder mask otherwise it'd be black the whole board would be black so you want the silver to show through so we need to take the solder mask off so all that bit there goes on to a layer that tells it not to put solder mask there and then we have the no copper layer you'll see that the solder mask the no

solder mask is applying to the headlights and the rails as well and then we have the no copper layer which applies to the uh headlights and the rails so now we've got copper everywhere pop from there and solder mask not in those places either and then the final bit is the silk screen which is the white bit and this is straightforward you just basically draw whatever you want and it'll get printed onto the board at the end and then the back of the board is where the complicated electrical good bins will get hidden um but no fancy oh this was an absolute pain to do um Okay so so now we know what we need to do

hopefully and it's it's I find it we still I still find it really uh mentally taxing trying to take an image and translate it to that like the DeLorean it kind of works out kind of um but for a lot of other stuff if you want to do a Pokemon or something um you're gonna it's just it's just mentally draining trying to work out how do I get that color palette uh in this um but yes that's most of the battle to be honest so what we're going to do now is look at inkscape which is that open source um illustrator tool and we're going to take an image that we stole off the internet and turn it into a vector image

that we can start to play with inside the PCB software so um yeah trace the path to turn a raster image which is your pngs or your jpegs into Vector it's actually svgs dxf we need the format to be and then divide polygons to remove holes so you will see this in a minute um but basically this annoying thing where in Eagle I think can't have a cut out so say you want to put the letter O onto a board you can't just put the O in because that middle cut out we won't see you'll just see the outer one so we have to slice the O so it actually becomes like a uh like I see that's been closed up

right so it's just two it's just one big Outer Edge rather than being two edges uh okay let's just do that makes more sense than me jibbling about it so this is inkscape um now when you do the um when you do this with Kai CAD um rather than Eagle you do a lot of it in inkscape and you create layers named the right way and then it Imports into carcad but it just looks so crazy difficult um but that is something you can do so I've got a picture of Pikachu I think uh Pikachu

wow let's go all right look at that strap eBay just try it this way oh where'd it go killed it oh

I've got two of them now that's the point there we go right so there's Pikachu so Pikachu at the moment is in that jpeg format where it's a raster image so Graphics designers this is like teaching you suck eggs but basically this is a really cool feature in here where you can uh Trace this uh okay it looks like nothing happened but actually nothing did happen it's over here there we go so we end up with a a draw in a Pikachu but this is Vector now so we can like modify all these lines if we wanted to give him a big fang tooth uh so so we've taken him from an image straight into a vector uh which is just

super useful so uh and we need it to be a vector format ideally to work with AutoCAD there are ways you can import a a BMP image into AutoCAD but you end up with this uh basically a series of lines drawn as if you've like drawn it with like a 3D printer or something so just the whole image gets turned into a series of lines and anytime you try to do anything with it it's going to be insanely slow like really really slow because there's so much points to compute um so we do this instead so uh once you've got Pikachu we save him out

to do Okay so used to be a dxf format

okay okay so we're back into Eagle now and what we want to do is we want to bring Pikachu in because Pikachu is going to be our board so uh we're gonna switch to the board view which is this button up here does not exist yes cool so because you've got Parts in our schematic it's added them straight away so we can see down here we've got the two LEDs uh and the battery housing um straight from the schematic so that's useful uh so what we're going to do is import Pikachu

[Music] there we go uh so this just brings all those points in as wires no oh this one either definitely the mouse

oh there he is there's a little fella so they've got Pikachu now and he's in our board I think this is what you're seeing is the uh cool I don't know what that where that box come from so what that is go away

okay so there's Pikachu um in the software now so probably the first thing we want to do is um all those bits of the Pikachu that should be black are like the outline so what you'd do oh this is going to be really tricky what I'm going to do is you have to like hold Ctrl and click near it and it selects all the lines that are connected and then we turn them into a shape um so I'm going to do that now but I'm going to need two hands so you're going in the armpit

uh

okay right okay we did it so uh so into a polygon and this is the thing I was talking about before like if we look at this Pikachu it's an outline right we want the outline to be the polygon but it's not allowed to have cut outs so what it a fact does is turn the whole Pikachu into one big shape uh which is not what we want um so how do we debt those shapes out so if you do like the individual shapes inside like this one we can turn that into a into a shape um so to go back when we do like the solder mask feel so you wanted his eyes here to be white

then we need to create like a white circle we can't just have lines um so if we want to use this as the outline uh for Pikachu it needs to be a a shape um for the so it knows to do the fill so what we want is just that outline but we can't get it because it's got cutouts in it this is like really problematic when you're trying to put writing on a board um so there is like a text based thing here but it's like it's really Grim looking text so you'd have to do it in inkscape and then bring it in as an image um so the solution to that problem is that that's what I was trying to

explain earlier with a circle and the sort of closed C is we need to split this Pikachu like give them a what would gash in the head there to uh to split this outline so that there's no inside to it it's just one big path all the way around so we can do that in instead you go back in the armpit give me a second foreign

a quick line over that one and there might be Graphics designers in here thinking this is just the worst way possibly to do this but I don't know any better way so and I'm not a graphics designer um so yeah we do that exclusion over the top which cuts it and then when we did eat these points we have like a cut Pikachu so now if you imagine you you know you were running along this Pikachu um because it's huge maze now for no apparent reason and you add like your right arm against the wall of the Pikachu here like at this point you would go in right so and then you'd follow on the inside of the Pikachu so

now we've got like one big path right so if I was following this I'd go in and then if I was keeping my hand on it I'd end up going in and around so now rather than the Pikachu being a solid shape on the outside is not we can go in so let me just save him back out again and you'll see the difference when we bring it into eagle foreign

user okay so here's our original Pikachu is actually uh is a little bit useful

let me just move them out the way

here he comes

see everything is if you import an image I might important image actually I can bring the same Pikachu in so you can see what the experience is like maybe that's useful um but it'll take ages as well because it's got to draw so many lines so this Pikachu now if we turn him into a shape see we've got that um division now there we go so now we've just got the outline of Pikachu now with the um where's the original gun yeah okay okay so so it's filled in to move his tail there so we've lost the definition of the tail so we have to do the same trick we're gonna have to put that slice in so that the polygon is

seen as the outside of the Pikachu rather than the whole Pikachu but we've got this bit so if we wanted this bit to be uh White now which would be super easy um so that's the silk screen layer uh to do you got this change tool here so you change the layer and we want to put him on the silk screen layer so um you can basically choose this at the end the default ones are names and values because they're designed for the names and values of the components which would get printed to the board I tend to not use those and use like T docu and then add it in later on but for ease

right now we're going to use that one uh let me remove him cool he's gone white there because that's what the layer is represented as so now that would be the white that's printed on the board uh and then this Pikachu over here we can see what layer he's on he's on Dimension so this Pikachu is going to be the cut out for the board so you the dimension layer is used um to do the perimeter of the board so it knows exactly what to Mill out but then also if you want a big hole in the middle of it so you're gonna have a DeLorean here you've got a cut out for the clasp of

the uh of the lanyard that's that'll be my Dimension there as well Okay so is anyone getting a feel for how you would budge This Together budge being the appropriate word I think yeah yeah so you're misusing basically every tool to achieve a purpose is probably the best way to describe it and you will feel that way all the way through at no point you think wow this is smooth um because you're going against the grain with it um but that's that's the idea so if we looked at those layers again we have the top layer which is that top copper layer uh so I need to login that was full and you got the bottom layer uh

you don't really have to mess with pads and wires there for like holes going through Dimensions is for the outer board we'll see that in a minute actually I'll do that uh with this Pikachu and then we've got the names values those are the things for your silk screen to get printed you can change this later on but those are the defaults um and then you've got um the tea place uh isn't the one that should get printed it tells you where to position a part so it's designed for when these boards are getting assembled um cream is like uh the like solder stuff that they put on the board uh I've never really used that in Anger it's

just automatic when you put a pad down that they put some sold on it for you uh t-stop it tells it where you don't want solder mask so that is the where you don't want the mask on the board um and then uh T restrict we're using the DeLorean that's the one where we say we don't want Copper here um okay so that's all your layers for the board so uh just a finish this off now um in fact what did I say I'm gonna do in the PowerPoint inkscape we went past that foreign okay yeah okay so right so the last part now is just getting your board together so we've got two Pikachus

um and a load of components so we just gotta overlay those on top of each other so um this one's on the uh names or values wherever we put it because that's where the white we want printed to the board and the other one is on the dimensions layer which is perfect um what we should could do we do nine Dimensions layer is just tidying this up I won't go through it right now but you'll see in a second if I turn this into a oh nice Abby all right we'll leave it is that what's it doing

that's because it's not on there

I'll do a terrible job with this uh anyway so we just want to just overlay these on top of each other um oh wow done a good job anyway you can imagine the more competent individual be able to Overlay those pretty easily so uh so the last step is to put your parts on so we're looking at the top of the board here there's like a little selector so look at the top of the board um and then if you look at the bottom of the board there shouldn't be much on there at all there we go yeah so all we can see is those wires and the dimensions there okay so what we need to do is just move

those parts into the right place so for this the Pikachu you'd want all the stuff uh on the back but the LEDs maybe we want to put on his eyes so we can move these on top of the eye holes oh uh so if we look at these a second uh so we've got like the uh place things so you've got a bit of silk screen there so you know where to put the LED so this will get printed to the board um that's why sometimes I put the silk screen I want on a different layer because I don't want this nonsense on the board um so you don't want to put on the same

layer um and then you've got the two green circles that's the holes for the LED lines to go through uh and then the last thing is to oh that is that's a bit of Pikachu's face I think oh this guy he's got a massive eye thing going on right so there's the uh battery now the battery we want on the back of Pikachu so we use uh this mirror tool uh so Mia's gonna put on the back see he's disappeared there magic we can go to the back now of Pikachu um it'd be better if I did the dimensions properly but yes that's on the back and it goes up to the two eye holes and then

there's a tool over here called the auto router um so we let that go and it's gonna all right did a funky job of that it's gonna uh design some roots for the wires inside the board so you'll see this in the back of your badges as well you know there's all those wires underneath there snaking all over the place linking all the stuff together um that's what this automotive's job is so you can sort of pick the one that you think you know it looks the most aesthetically pleasing or whatever and then um you can just come in here and adjust them if you think actually now I prefer that if that was a bit fanned out or

uh so the is this doing a terrible job like are they crossing over what has it done or what have I done probably more to the point uh yes that is a terrible job I think I messed that up somehow

um yeah so we'll gloss over that so uh yeah so you get this to lay your wires out I'm not sure why they're crossing over but it seems really happy about it which is huh uh yeah yeah funky oh yeah that's better you should come up here really and do this uh yeah so you don't want those to cross over that's going to be a bad day for you so that's how you do your circuitry obviously the more parts you put on the more complicated you get some parts um you might find that you just like swap you rotate apart to unblock something like that or you move it over or I've done some right janky things

with some of the boards where you create you make an imaginary component with two pads like a resistor like a really big resistor or something and then what you actually do is put like one on this side and one on that side and when you get the board you just put a Big Blob of solder on and like jump over like a bridge um which which works like so I'm Not Gonna Knock It Anyway back onto the slide okay so the annoying things so polygons can't have holes as you've seen that's like really painful when we did the Pikachu we have to put these Cuts in all over the shop you wouldn't imagine how many are on this uh crazy thing

um so that's not a problem in carcad apparently so maybe a reason to go there uh adjusting polygons is insanely painful so we imported the Pikachu but we can't resize it in Eagle so um if like you know you do a prototype board and then besides chelt and say could that DeLorean be a bit bigger please you've got to start again um so that's a thing that mirrorism causes confusion so if we go back to this this one brilliant uh if we go to this one everything's back to front um which is really useful when you're looking through the board so you might turn another layer on to say are these led rails lining up with the front

bumper that's really useful and that's exactly why it's mirrored in the first place um but you might not realize that and then get those boards printed with your words back to front um so that can happen so it's meant to be back to front if it's back to front you're doing it right don't engineer a complex way to flip the text um and then get it printed uh okay Auto inducible but painful we just saw that in the demo and then it's um it can be really slow especially when you're dealing with uh bitmaps and stuff a bit equally as you saw that it's really painful to select things and group things and move them layers I

think there are keyboard shortcuts but I haven't got the brand capacity to use them so it's just really slow tiring work um cool so the last thing really is Footprints so we saw then that adding a battery and two LEDs are dead easy if you do anything off the beaten path like anything at all like these um you're going to want to know how do I bring this particular chip in uh with the pins in the right place uh how do I bring in these LEDs which are four pins digital and digital out uh and then voltage and ground so how do I do those um so these are the footprints so this is an

uh 603 LED surface mount two pads really you know really dead easy uh example so the I was using the added fruit Library earlier there are some big libraries with these so you can just try those um for some of the simpler stuff there's this component search engine but it looks like a bit of a fishing site and it's got like a really component search engine.com I was really dubious it's like too well named to be like legit but um it is legit you can trust it probably um I have been um so this comes with the symbols and the footprints so the symbols is what we saw in the schematic and the footprints and what ends up going on the board for

the for the board design and the router so here's an example of the footprint so we have um I don't know what this layer is not gonna lie this bit indicates that there's like a cut out on the chip which isn't actually on the chip so uh don't ask about either but like this would get printed and then you've got your PIN layout ready to go onto the board so you can download these import them and then they'll probably work uh the alternative is to build your own Footprints which was I was a bit adverse to at the start but actually once you get into it it's dead easy and I find it better because my soldering is pretty

rubbish so sometimes I make the pad slightly bigger so uh a bit more forgiving um so let's I'm gonna do a quick demo on that because I think I've got time what time are we on no one even knows yes we've got time okay so this is a data sheet so if you're buying from a reputable place like uh digikey everything's gonna have a data sheet whether it's the controller or the LEDs or whatever you're getting and they will have in the data sheet stuff like this which is exactly how to lay it out on a PCB so this is a footprint we'll use to create it some of the measurements at the top annoyingly

and some are down here um so that's what we'll use to create the footprint and this is what we want the footprint to look like uh so if we go back see it down below at the bottom so this led well it's slightly interesting this this led is keyed so there's a little line there and you'll notice this very subtly on on your I know you won't because you haven't got any parts on the menu but if you did you'll see that I've put little markers like little white um I don't know what shape that is okay SIM card say yeah that's good I can say dogged paper yeah SIM card shape that's to say that that particular pin has got

a cut out on it um and then on the microcontroller there's a little circle that's because the microcontroller itself has got a circle uh top right so it allows you to orientate the parts and then you'll notice I hopefully didn't put anything on the uh rails so you have to work that out yourself it's like an extra prize so um so this one uh this has got um an uh a thing here you can't really see it the the lines mean no solder mask the red dots you can't really see are the restrict layer so this allows us this is a reverse Mount footprint for one of these LEDs so if we go back to this one you'll see it wanted us to

put the cut out here on the bottom I want the LED flipped over to shine through the board so the cutouts at the top I flip the pins and I put these so that whenever I place it on the board it will automatically prevent solder and mask going there and therefore I can shine through the board so uh the question is um let's do a quick demo and I'll show you how to do a footprint

do with musical melodies uh I think I think I've crushed it foreign let's find a creative way to open it

all right yeah there we go right so um goose

oh okay so uh if we go back to that schematic they wanted us to do a footprint let's go down a bit there you go footprint should be uh 0.82 by 1.8 so we create a pad I'll mess that up straight away oh it's so forgiving [Music] yeah alt f4 let's just Chuck it in the bin right here we go SMD size uh are those Dimensions I don't recognize let me just um turn this to millimeters Mills is some like crazy thing that Engineers use um you don't need to worry about that I don't think I haven't so far but there we go look millimeters now that's a bit more sensible isn't it so um they wanted uh 0.82 by 1.8

uh booms that's our pad pop it over here and then it wanted I'm going to change this this is like uh how uh fine grained uh the whole thing is and we need to be 0.68 mil apart so oh let's do like 0.1

okay right so we've got our first uh first pin there and then we need to be like 0.68 away from it there's probably a better way of doing this I use this dimension thing here so I wanted to zoom out a bit I can't see it oh yes power user right there you go 0.7 and then copy oh you

you see how I say it's like slow it gets me out every time there we go so that's like lines up does it well my eyes don't work is that is that oh that's it isn't it is it there we go probably roughly it'll be fine solder will just follow so uh it is better with a mouse and two hands so that's um that's that and then we have to go back to this bit to go well how far should the other side be away uh is it sound here oh yeah yeah 3.2 to do so dimensions uh well that's 3.5 so we'll just we'll just we'll just we'll fit at this point time is

oh God I'm copying that as well right

what normally you put more care attention to this but um I realize that no one actually cares today and like it's taking it forever so now what you just want to do is just label it label them up uh so oh back to the data sheet we've got voltage uh but I remember I wanted to flip this over so let's go with this one so digital out at the top and then ground on the right so you just label these pins um up properties that was probably ground or something wasn't it uh ground oh cool so you'd like all your pins up and then uh so these are all uh pads we're using off the shelf here we also

wanted to put like a little indicator so we knew that the cutout was um like there top right so we can just use this like a drawer polygon tool uh to do do and we want to put it on that um t- Place layer it's like a train or something all right anyway so you just draw like a little gas box here there you go um why has it done that

convert to whites there you go so you're getting a little box so now you're starting to build up a footprint oh you should probably delete these um silly measuring things as well cool so you build your footprint save uh and then I think I probably already got a symbol for this led so if not you're probably going to steal a symbol from somewhere or make one Library [Music] that one there we go okay so we just created Goose which is there so now to use that in a schematic we need to add a device so uh call that goose as well without the e and then uh it wants a symbol uh what have I got for there we go it's

one of these things which you saw on the DeLorean schematic earlier uh and then new add local package goose and then you sort of uh basically buying the pins so ground would go to ground uh connect that and then I didn't obviously put those in so I don't know cool so that is how you do like a schematic over you've stole that bit or you've drawn it painstakingly and you've done a footprint to match exactly what you want on the board because a lot of the times when you do this stuff especially if you want to reverse Mount LEDs in the way that they're not meant to be mounted um for aesthetic reasons you need to get

dirty doing this stuff but it's not like you know once you've done it once it's perfectly fine it's um yeah so I just wanted to show that oh right and then you want to code so if you put a microcontroller on uh I use these 80 tinies because they're like 30p each uh from digikey you can get them in low numbers some stuff in digicare you'll be like you can order three thousand of these things um we want them in like tens so those are really good and it's Arduino compatible so you get the you can go to the our gate is get up there's a repo called Pizza Cheltenham 2023 badge um you go on there and there's the

Arduino code and a bit of a readme for how to get it set up it's not that hard to install Arduino you install uh this board manager by this crazy guy who maintains an Arduino library for 80 tiny chipsets uh and then you can predominantly just use uh Arduino code a couple of times you have to drop into raw 80 tiny code for some of the deep sleep stuff um this guy's uh if you find this guys um GitHub it's named Spencer Conde uh he's got some really mad um readme's and all the possible things you want to do anyway so um yes if you want to play with the code for these it's on there as a working example

um but I just use Arduino for coding these things um it's the worst idea environment I've ever experienced in my life um yeah yeah well it just is like it it does the coloring stuff but like if you're used to vs code it's absolutely painful there's a new version of Arduino uh version 2 which is based on the vs code uh it looks really nice uh it doesn't work with this Library so that's great um so that's how you would code it and then another good thing about the 80 tiny chips that you'll see on these boards is they have a universal programming and debugging interface you'd be updi port is it one wire you just touch the

program and wire to it hit upload it does all the work a lot of the stuff like esp32s and stuff you end up with Dev boards because you have to like boot it up with a pin pulled the ground and it'll go into programming mode and it's a bit of a faff these you can just uh Dev really easy oh we made it we made it so if I put everyone off for making PCB art as everyone realize it's a bit more involved than um paint but not much any questions

okay yeah so the question was if you're as incompetent as me and you do a terrible job will the program let you know um that your board's not going to work yes so there is well I don't know why it didn't earlier in truth that was strange um but yes so there's a little warning so if I try and draw a wire actually that'd be the good thing to do or I'll tell you what let me move it instead if I was trying to move this wire over this one you get these little warning signs to say that there's been an incursion and then uh when you go to actually like do this thing there's like a error checker

oh that's just moaning because my schematic's terrible let me find a different [Music] uh this one or this one overlap there we go so this is where you want to be looking to say oh yeah this is overlapping in these two places uh it moans at this when you so when you were going to send this to a PCB house you've done all the hard work now you should get to PCB house you use this cam process up here oh yeah I need to set it up and that would moan as well to say that his air is on the board are you sure you want to do this um your some board houses will provide

um design specifications that you can load into Eagle so if they say you can't go so close to the edge you can load that in and it will moan to say this won't be fit for manufacture um but yeah it does tell you yeah questions any other questions yeah Amazon um there's just there's so many little polygons on this um and you have to get one to the right layers so it actually worked out quite well that you can just make it mostly silver and it looks like fits the bill um there's I think as soon as I saw the DeLorean I thought that would make a good badge rather than like a sword of

the audience what I want to make a badge out of it um but yeah there's so many little polygons that you have to select individually in that god-awful tool and then put on the right layer um the original ones I did were like tiny um because I was using a free license um but then you get other things that are really paying for and you won't get until you send them off so some of these Deloreans they do some sort of weird pour for their copper fill and you'll get defects that way or you'll see some of the um for some reason on these with the silk screen there's like drag lines they're not sure how they're applying it

probably like a wet squeegee or something we didn't we didn't get as much of that on the smaller boards so don't they have a different process for the bigger boards than they do for the smaller ones um the other thing we were tried a lot with the DeLorean it's changing the thickness of the board so there's like a 0.6 mil or one Miller 1.2 and 1.6 mil uh everything I've done before is 1.6 but I wanted the colors to just reproduce slightly better on that bottom rail so I went for a thinner board I went too thin and then you don't get the diffusion of the headlights you end up in this really weird cycle of um things looking

terrible until they kind of look passable um so yeah that's that's probably the tricky spell on the DeLorean was how do we get the Bottom bar to light up uh in a passable way anymore oh sorry I'm over time that's fortunate foreign foreign